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Fundamentals of Biology
Lesson 10

The Plant Kingdom; Algae


I. Introduction to plants.

    A. Definition: Multicellular photosynthetic eukaryotes.
    B. Characteristics:
        1. Contain chlorophyll, chloroplasts.
        2. Cell walls of cellulose.
        3. Sessile.
        4. Alternation of generations.

II. The Kingdom "Plantae."
 
Division Class Large Groupings
Chlorophyta (Green)   Algae
Rhodophyta (Red)
Phaeophyta (Brown)
Bryophyta     Non- vascular Plants
(Bryophytes)
Spore
Plants
Land
Plants
  Hepatophyta (Liverworts)
  Anthocerotophyta (Hornworts)
  Musci (Mosses)
Psilophyta (Whisk Ferns)   Vascular Plants
(Tracheophytes)
Lycophyta (Club Mosses)
Sphenophyta (Horsetails)
Pteridophyta (Ferns)
Cycdophyta (Cycads)   Gymnosperms Seed
Plants
Ginkgophyta (Ginkgos)
Gnetophyta
Coniferophyta (Conifers)
Anthophyta   Angiosperms
  Monocotyledoneae
  Dicotyledoneae

Note: Italics indicates Division name.

III. Algae.

    A. Common Characteristics.
        1. Non-vascular.
        2. Chlorophyll a.

    B. Differences
        1. Other chlorophylls.
        2. Food storage.

    C. Red Algae.
        1. Uni- and multi-cellular types - up to 1m long.
        2. Most marine.
        3. No other chlorophyll.
        4. Store food as starch.

    D. Brown Algae.
        1. Only multicellular types - microscopic filaments to 70m.
        2. Most marine.
        3. Chlorophyll c.
        4. Store food as laminarin.
        5. Used as fertilizer, fodder, in ice cream.

    E. Green Algae.
        1. Most small and simple, many unicellular types; large # species.
        2. Most freshwater; many marine; moist rocks, trees, soil.
        3. Chlorophyll b.
        4. Store food as starch.

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